Do you really know how to grow peanuts?

Do you really know how to grow peanuts?

The ploughing of the machine is 15-20 cm deeper than the ploughing of the cattle, which improves the soil structure, reduces the soil bulk density, increases the porosity, expands the water storage range, enhances the water seepage speed, and is beneficial to the root development of peanut roots. To enhance drought and sorghum resistance, Fuda Peanut Net - Peanut High Yield Creation Center. The deep plowing of the machine plough promoted the microbial activation of the soil in the plough layer, released the insoluble organic nutrients and inorganic salt nutrients in the soil layer, and increased the content of soil available nutrients, thereby expanding the nutrient absorption range of the peanut roots and making the root amount with the plough depth. And the increase, so the peanut roots are deep and the yield is high. To cultivate the soil in depth, we must master the following technical requirements:

(1) Master the time of deep cultivation

The improvement of soil physical properties and the decomposition and decomposition of organic matter such as litter roots under the action of microorganisms require a certain period of time. Therefore, it is necessary to make deep tillage and deep turn in the same year, and the time of deep tillage should be as early as possible, deep in late autumn and early winter. The effect of cultivated land is good. In this way, part of the raw soil can be frozen and melted, and the soil layer can be weathered and naturally solidified. It is also beneficial to eliminate wintering pests and diseases, and can also accumulate winter and spring rain and snow, alleviate the spring drought, and make the fertilizer and soil applied. Integrate to improve the absorption and utilization of fertilizers. For example, in the late autumn and early winter, if the ploughing is not carried out in time, in order to obtain better results, it should be before the vernal equinox, not later than the Qingming spring ploughing, Fuda Peanut Net-Peanut High Yield Creation Center. After the Qingming, the cultivated land, because of the wind, run fast, is not conducive to the whole seedlings after the peanuts. Spring ploughing must be mastered with ploughing, squatting and fine, so that the lower part of the soil is submerged, the topsoil is loose, the soil structure of the ploughing layer is moderate and the porosity is moderate, which is beneficial to the microbial activities and water conservation and fertilizer conservation in the soil. When spring ploughing is combined with fertilization, the fertilizer should be fine, and it should be spread evenly, then properly ploughed and squashed. The plots that have been fertilized in winter do not need to be ploughed again, but after thawing in the spring, they should be leveled in time to avoid water loss and is not conducive to peanut planting.

(2) Master the appropriate depth

The depth of deep ploughing must be considered according to the growth and development requirements of peanuts and different soil conditions. It is not as deep as possible, otherwise it will not achieve the intended purpose. Open-faced peanuts have 70% of the main root cluster in a 30 cm soil layer. The proportion of peanut roots cultivated in plastic film in the 30 cm soil layer accounts for more than 90% of the total root amount, and the Fuda Peanut Net-Peanut High Yield Creation Center. If the ploughing is too deep, the soil will turn too much into the upper layer, which will make the surface soil structure deteriorate and the fertility will decrease, which will affect the emergence and growth of peanuts. Therefore, it is desirable to use a depth of 25 to 30 cm. The depth of deep tillage should also consider soil thickness, soil texture and soil structure. The cultivated land with too thin soil is not a problem of deep tillage. Instead, it should try to thicken the soil layer to 20-30 cm. According to the characteristics of the soil, the principle of sand-adhesive and sticky sand-mixing should be mastered to improve the soil.

(3) Deep tillage or soil layer

The cultivated layer soil has been fully matured due to long-term cultivation, fertilization and cultivation, and has a good structure and high fertility. The raw soil below the tillage layer has poor physical properties and low soil fertility. Generally, the nitrogen content and organic matter content are only about 50% of the cultivated layer, and the lower the effective nutrient content. Deep ploughing and deep disturbing the soil layer, the soil was overturned, and the freeze-thaw and ripening was not transparent in the same year, which did not reach the expected yield increase effect. Fuda Peanut Net-Peanut High Yield Creation Center. Therefore, the artificial deep-deep deep planing should pay attention to keep the mature soil on the top, the raw soil in the bottom, and not the soil layer; the mechanical deep-plowing should bring the soil shovel under the plough to achieve the requirement of ups and downs and no soil layer. However, in actual operation, it is inevitable to disturb the soil layer. At this time, it is necessary to mix the partially soiled soil with the mature soil so as to be weathered and frozen by winter rain and snow, and the living soil layer is thickened.

(4) The whole land should be up and down

In order to create a high yield in the new farmland, the land preparation standard first requires the “two flats” on the ground and underground. The above ground level is to reduce runoff after rain, prevent soil erosion, and is conducive to drainage and drainage. Therefore, according to the direction of water source and irrigation and drainage, the ratio of slope to slope should be maintained, which is generally 0.3% to 0.5% in the longitudinal direction of the terrace and 0.1% to 0.2 in the lateral direction. %. The above ground level requires the soil layer to maintain a certain thickness, not thick, thin, or deep, shallow. If the soil layers are different in depth, the growth of peanuts will be inconsistent and will not reach the goal of balanced production. Generally, the depth of the soil layer is required to be kept above 50 cm, and the Fuda Peanut Net-Peanut High Yield Creation Center. While paying attention to the two flats, we must also grasp the principle that the soil is under the soil, the mature soil is on the top, and the soil layer is not disturbed. That is, when the thickness of the soil layer is more than 50 cm, the soil is first filled, and then the soil is matured, so that the mature soil layer is kept at 20 to 25 cm. Or adopt the method of “two students sandwiched and cooked”, that is, put 3 to 5 cm of raw soil on the mature soil and mix it with shallow tillage to promote the ripening of the soil.

(5) Adding organic fertilizer

In order to improve the yield increase effect of deep ploughing in the same year, it is better to combine the deep application of organic fertilizers and re-apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium chemical fertilizers, especially the application of nitrogen fertilizers, which plays an important role in increasing the yield of peanut seedlings and can provide nutrients for peanuts. Soil microbes provide good nutrition and living conditions, promote microbial activities, accelerate the decomposition of organic matter and soil ripening, regulate the supply of water, fertilizer, gas and heat, and further improve soil fertility. Generally, 2500-7500 kg of soil fertilization per mu, 30-40 kg of standard nitrogen fertilizer, 40-80 kg of superphosphate, 10-15 kg of potassium sulfate or 100-150 kg of plant ash.

(6) combined with the land preparation

Deep ploughing is only a basic measure for farming and soil improvement. It must also be combined with other farming practices to make the clods fine, loose, smooth, and consolidate and enhance the effect of deep ploughing. After ploughing, it is an important part of soil cultivation, and it is also a key measure to protect the soil. Otherwise, the soil is easy to lose water and run fast. If there is no rain in spring, it will affect the quality of the land preparation and the suitable sowing of peanuts and smooth emergence. In early spring, the soil temperature rises, the soil thaws, and gravity seeps underwater. At this time, if the floor panel is knotted, the capillary water will rise to the ground and evaporate in large quantities, and the Fuda Peanut Net-Peanut High Yield Creation Center. Therefore, after winter ploughing, whether or not it has already passed through the ground, it should be topped in the early spring, which is a key measure for land preparation. There are many rains in the south, high temperature, high soil moisture, and sufficient sun exposure after ploughing to squat. After ploughing, whitening is an important measure in the soil cultivation in the south, especially for water and drought rotation, low terrain and texture. Peanut land, especially after ploughing. Planting autumn peanut plots, the soil is relatively hard due to the leaching of spring and summer rainwater and the planting of the former sorghum crops. Therefore, the soil should be prepared at any time after harvesting, and the soil should be finely broken and loosened. Peanut sowing lays the foundation.

(7) Irrigation

Due to the ups and downs of the new farmland, the soil layer is not suspended, and the soil layer structure of the Panasonic is not formed. The contradiction between gas and water is intensified. Some of them have many dark rubs in the soil layer, and the peanuts are often sown. The bottom is not enough to hang, resulting in lack of seedlings and ridges; or when there is too much rain, the soil is too much water, the ground temperature drops, causing buds; or the soil layer collapses, pulling off the roots, causing weak seedlings or dead seedlings. Therefore, after the land preparation, the method of watering and sinking should be adopted to make the soil layer on the top and bottom suspended, and the Fuda Peanut Net-Peanut High Yield Creation Center. Irrigation should be carried out before freezing in winter or after thawing in early spring. If the irrigation is too late, the soil will become sticky and the ground temperature will rise slowly, which will affect the timely sowing and normal emergence. Drain and build the concrete when filling the water so that it can be filled and evenly. After filling the water, level the ground in time, and smooth it to protect the drought. Do not use too much irrigation, so it is better to moisten the soil layer, so as not to cause soil layer compaction and affect the land preparation effect.

In order to maintain the loose soil layer structure, it can be a rotation cycle of 2 to 3 years. In one rotation cycle, only the shallow cultivation of the green manure is required, and it is not necessary to plow the soil every year, which wastes manpower and material resources. There is no obvious increase in production.

(Original title: How do peanut fields deeper into the land to produce higher yields?)